IPC-Stelle: H03K 3/55 [Version 2006.01]

SymbolTypTitel
HSKSECTION H — ELECTRICITY
H03KLBASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
H03KUKLPULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; mechanical counters having an electrical input G06M; information storage devices in general G11; sample-and-hold arrangements in electric analogue stores G11C 27/02; construction of switches involving contact making and breaking for generation of pulses, e.g. by using a moving magnet, H01H; static conversion of electric power H02M; generation of oscillations by circuits employing active elements which operate in a non-switching manner H03B; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C, H04L; discriminator circuits involving pulse counting H03D; automatic control of generators H03L; starting, synchronisation, or stabilisation of generators where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M) [4]
H03K 3/00HGRCircuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits (H03K 4/00 takes precedence; for digital computers G06F 1/025) [5]
H03K 3/01UGR1
.Details [3]
H03K 3/011UGR2
. .Modifications of generator to compensate for variations in physical values, e.g. voltage, temperature [6]
H03K 3/012UGR2
. .Modifications of generator to improve response time or to decrease power consumption [6]
H03K 3/013UGR2
. .Modifications of generator to prevent operation by noise or interference [3]
H03K 3/014UGR2
. .Modifications of generator to ensure starting of oscillations [6]
H03K 3/015UGR2
. .Modifications of generator to maintain energy constant [6]
H03K 3/017UGR2
. .Adjustment of width or dutycycle of pulses (pulse width modulation H03K 7/08) [3]
H03K 3/02UGR1
.Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses (H03K 3/64-H03K 3/84 take precedence)
H03K 3/021UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of more than one type of element or means, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT [6]
H03K 3/023UGR2
. .by the use of differential amplifiers or comparators, with internal or external positive feedback [3]
H03K 3/0231UGR3
. . .Astable circuits [6]
H03K 3/0232UGR3
. . .Monostable circuits [6]
H03K 3/0233UGR3
. . .Bistable circuits [6]
H03K 3/0234UGR3
. . .Multistable circuits [6]
H03K 3/027UGR2
. .by the use of logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback [3]
H03K 3/03UGR3
. . .Astable circuits [3]
H03K 3/033UGR3
. . .Monostable circuits [3]
H03K 3/037UGR3
. . .Bistable circuits [3]
H03K 3/038UGR3
. . .Multistable circuits [6]
H03K 3/04UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback (H03K 3/023, H03K 3/027 take precedence) [3]
H03K 3/05UGR3
. . .using means other than a transformer for feedback
H03K 3/06UGR4
. . . .using at least two tubes so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
H03K 3/08UGR5
. . . . .astable
H03K 3/09UGR6
. . . . . .Stabilisation of output [2]
H03K 3/10UGR5
. . . . .monostable
H03K 3/12UGR5
. . . . .bistable
H03K 3/13UGR6
. . . . . .Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger [6]
H03K 3/14UGR5
. . . . .multistable
H03K 3/16UGR3
. . .using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator with saturable core
H03K 3/22UGR4
. . . .specially adapted for amplitude comparison, i.e. Multiar
H03K 3/26UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback (H03K 3/023, H03K 3/027 take precedence) [2]
H03K 3/28UGR3
. . .using means other than a transformer for feedback
H03K 3/281UGR4
. . . .using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
H03K 3/282UGR5
. . . . .astable
H03K 3/283UGR6
. . . . . .Stabilisation of output [2]
H03K 3/284UGR5
. . . . .monostable
H03K 3/286UGR5
. . . . .bistable [3]
H03K 3/287UGR6
. . . . . .using additional transistors in the feedback circuit (H03K 3/289 takes precedence) [3]
H03K 3/288UGR6
. . . . . .using additional transistors in the input circuit (H03K 3/289 takes precedence) [3]
H03K 3/2885UGR7
. . . . . . .the input circuit having a differential configuration [5]
H03K 3/289UGR6
. . . . . .of the master-slave type [3]
H03K 3/2893UGR6
. . . . . .Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger [6]
H03K 3/2897UGR7
. . . . . . .with an input circuit of differential configuration [6]
H03K 3/29UGR5
. . . . .multistable
H03K 3/30UGR3
. . .using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator
H03K 3/313UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices with two electrodes, one or two potential-jump barriers, and exhibiting a negative resistance characteristic [3]
H03K 3/315UGR3
. . .the devices being tunnel diodes
H03K 3/33UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices exhibiting hole storage or enhancement effect
H03K 3/335UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices with more than two electrodes and exhibiting avalanche effect
H03K 3/35UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of bipolar semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions, or more than three electrodes, or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region (H03K 3/023, H03K 3/027 take precedence) [3]
H03K 3/351UGR3
. . .the devices being unijunction transistors (H03K 3/352 takes precedence) [3]
H03K 3/352UGR3
. . .the devices being thyristors [3]
H03K 3/3525UGR4
. . . .Anode gate thyristors or programmable unijunction transistors [6]
H03K 3/353UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of field-effect transistors with internal or external positive feedback (H03K 3/023, H03K 3/027 take precedence) [2, 3]
H03K 3/354UGR3
. . .Astable circuits [3]
H03K 3/355UGR3
. . .Monostable circuits [3]
H03K 3/356UGR3
. . .Bistable circuits [3]
H03K 3/3562UGR4
. . . .of the master-slave type [6]
H03K 3/3565UGR4
. . . .Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger [6]
H03K 3/3568UGR3
. . .Multistable circuits [6]
H03K 3/357UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of bulk negative resistance devices, e.g. Gunn-effect devices [2]
H03K 3/36UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of semiconductors, not otherwise provided for [2]
H03K 3/37UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of gas-filled tubes, e.g. astable trigger circuits (H03K 3/55 takes precedence)
H03K 3/38UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of superconductive devices [3]
H03K 3/40UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of electrochemical cells
H03K 3/42UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
H03K 3/43UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of beam deflection tubes
H03K 3/45UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices
H03K 3/47UGR3
. . .the devices being parametrons
H03K 3/49UGR3
. . .the devices being ferro-resonant
H03K 3/51UGR3
. . .the devices being multi-aperture magnetic cores, e.g. transfluxors
H03K 3/53UGR2
. .by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback (H03K 3/335 takes precedence)
H03K 3/537UGR3
. . .the switching device being a spark gap [3]
H03K 3/543UGR3
. . .the switching device being a vacuum tube [3]
H03K 3/55UGR3
. . .the switching device being a gas-filled tube having a control electrode
H03K 3/57UGR3
. . .the switching device being a semiconductor device
H03K 3/59UGR2
. .by the use of galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices [2]
H03K 3/64UGR1
.Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses
H03K 3/66UGR2
. .by interrupting the output of a generator
H03K 3/70UGR3
. . .time intervals between all adjacent pulses of one train being equal
H03K 3/72UGR2
. .with means for varying repetition rate of trains
H03K 3/78UGR1
.Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number
H03K 3/80UGR1
.Generating trains of sinusoidal oscillations (by interrupting H03C, H04L)
H03K 3/84UGR1
.Generating pulses having a predetermined statistical distribution of a parameter, e.g. random pulse generators [2]
H03K 3/86UGR1
.Generating pulses by means of delay lines and not covered by the preceding subgroups [2]
H03K 4/00HGRGenerating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions (generation of supply voltages from deflection waveforms H04N 3/18)
H03K 4/02UGR1
.having stepped portions, e.g. staircase waveform
H03K 4/04UGR1
.having parabolic shape
H03K 4/06UGR1
.having triangular shape
H03K 4/08UGR2
. .having sawtooth shape
H03K 4/10UGR3
. . .using as active elements vacuum tubes only
H03K 4/12UGR4
. . . .in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor
H03K 4/14UGR5
. . . . .using two tubes so coupled that the input of each one is derived from the output of the other, e.g. multivibrator
H03K 4/16UGR5
. . . . .using a single tube with positive feedback through transformer, e.g. blocking oscillator
H03K 4/18UGR5
. . . . .using a single tube exhibiting negative resistance between two of its electrodes, e.g. transitron, dynatron
H03K 4/20UGR5
. . . . .using a tube with negative feedback by capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator
H03K 4/22UGR6
. . . . . .combined with transitron, e.g. phantastron, sanatron
H03K 4/24UGR5
. . . . .Boot-strap generators
H03K 4/26UGR4
. . . .in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor
H03K 4/28UGR5
. . . . .using a tube operating as a switching device [3]
H03K 4/32UGR6
. . . . . .combined with means for generating the driving pulses
H03K 4/34UGR7
. . . . . . .using a single tube with positive feedback through a transformer
H03K 4/36UGR7
. . . . . . .using a single tube exhibiting negative resistance between two of its electrodes, e.g. transitron, dynatron
H03K 4/38UGR8
. . . . . . . .combined with Miller integrator
H03K 4/39UGR5
. . . . .using a tube operating as an amplifier [3]
H03K 4/41UGR6
. . . . . .with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator [3]
H03K 4/43UGR6
. . . . . .combined with means for generating the driving pulses [3]
H03K 4/48UGR3
. . .using as active elements semiconductor devices (H03K 4/787-H03K 4/84 take precedence)
H03K 4/50UGR4
. . . .in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor
H03K 4/501UGR5
. . . . .the starting point of the flyback period being determined by the amplitude of the voltage across the capacitor, e.g. by a comparator [6]
H03K 4/502UGR6
. . . . . .the capacitor being charged from a constant-current source [6]
H03K 4/52UGR5
. . . . .using two semiconductor devices so coupled that the input of each one is derived from the output of the other, e.g. multivibrator
H03K 4/54UGR5
. . . . .using a single semiconductor device with positive feedback through a transformer, e.g. blocking oscillator
H03K 4/56UGR5
. . . . .using a semiconductor device with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator
H03K 4/58UGR5
. . . . .Boot-strap generators
H03K 4/60UGR4
. . . .in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor
H03K 4/62UGR5
. . . . .using a semiconductor device operating as a switching device [3]
H03K 4/64UGR6
. . . . . .combined with means for generating the driving pulses
H03K 4/66UGR7
. . . . . . .using a single device with positive feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator
H03K 4/68UGR6
. . . . . .Generators in which the switching device is conducting during the fly-back part of the cycle
H03K 4/69UGR5
. . . . .using a semiconductor device operating as an amplifier [3]
H03K 4/71UGR6
. . . . . .with negative feedback through a capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator [3]
H03K 4/72UGR6
. . . . . .combined with means for generating the driving pulses
H03K 4/787UGR3
. . .using as active elements semiconductor devices with two electrodes and exhibiting a negative resistance characteristic [2]
H03K 4/793UGR4
. . . .using tunnel diodes [2]
H03K 4/80UGR3
. . .using as active elements multi-layer diodes
H03K 4/83UGR3
. . .using as active elements semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions or with more than three electrodes or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region [2]
H03K 4/84UGR4
. . . .Generators in which the semiconductor device is conducting during the fly-back part of the cycle
H03K 4/86UGR3
. . .using as active elements gas-filled tubes
H03K 4/88UGR3
. . .using as active elements electrochemical cells
H03K 4/90UGR3
. . .Linearisation of ramp (modifying slopes of pulses H03K 6/04; scanning correction for television receivers H04N 3/16); Synchronisation of pulses (in pictorial communication systems H04N 1/36, H04N 5/04; colour synchronisation H04N 9/44) [2]
H03K 4/92UGR1
.having a waveform comprising a portion of a sinusoid (generating sinusoidal oscillations H03B) [2]
H03K 4/94UGR1
.having trapezoidal shape [2]
H03K 5/00HGRManipulating pulses not covered by one of the other main groups in this subclass (circuits with regenerative action H03K 3/00, H03K 4/00; by the use of non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices H03K 3/45)
H03K 5/003UGR1
.Changing the DC level (television signals H04N 3/00) [6]
H03K 5/007UGR2
. .Base line stabilisation (thresholding H03K 5/08) [6]
H03K 5/01UGR1
.Shaping pulses (discrimination against noise or interference H03K 5/125)
H03K 5/02UGR2
. .by amplifying (H03K 5/04 takes precedence; wide-band amplifiers in general H03F)
H03K 5/04UGR2
. .by increasing duration; by decreasing duration
H03K 5/05UGR3
. . .by the use of clock signals or other time reference signals [3]
H03K 5/06UGR3
. . .by the use of delay lines or other analogue delay elements [3]
H03K 5/07UGR3
. . .by the use of resonant circuits [3]
H03K 5/08UGR2
. .by limiting, by thresholding, by slicing, i.e. combined limiting and thresholding (H03K 5/07 takes precedence; comparing one pulse with another H03K 5/22; providing a determined threshold for switching H03K 17/30) [3]
H03K 5/12UGR2
. .by steepening leading or trailing edges
H03K 5/125UGR1
.Discriminating pulses (measuring or indicating G01R 19/00, G01R 23/00, G01R 25/00, G01R 29/00; separation of synchronising signals in television systems H04N 5/08) [6]
H03K 5/1252UGR2
. .Suppression or limitation of noise or interference (specially adapted for transmission systems H04B 15/00, H04L 25/08) [6]
H03K 5/1254UGR3
. . .specially adapted for pulses generated by closure of switches, i.e. anti-bouncing devices (debouncing circuits for electronic time-pieces G04G 5/00) [6]
H03K 5/13UGR1
.Arrangements having a single output and transforming input signals into pulses delivered at desired time intervals
H03K 5/135UGR2
. .by the use of time reference signals, e.g. clock signals [3]
H03K 5/14UGR2
. .by the use of delay lines [3]
H03K 5/145UGR2
. .by the use of resonant circuits [3]
H03K 5/15UGR1
.Arrangements in which pulses are delivered at different times at several outputs, i.e. pulse distributors (distributing, switching, or gating arrangements H03K 17/00) [2]
H03K 5/151UGR2
. .with two complementary outputs [6]
H03K 5/153UGR1
.Arrangements in which a pulse is delivered at the instant when a predetermined characteristic of an input signal is present or at a fixed time interval after this instant (switching at zero crossing H03K 17/13)
H03K 5/1532UGR2
. .Peak detectors (measuring characteristics of individual pulses G01R 29/02) [6]
H03K 5/1534UGR2
. .Transition or edge detectors [6]
H03K 5/1536UGR2
. .Zero-crossing detectors (in measuring circuits G01R 19/175) [6]
H03K 5/156UGR1
.Arrangements in which a continuous pulse train is transformed into a train having a desired pattern
H03K 5/159UGR1
.Applications of delay lines not covered by the preceding subgroups
H03K 5/19UGR1
.Monitoring patterns of pulse trains (indicating amplitude G01R 19/00; indicating frequency G01R 23/00; measuring characteristics of individual pulses G01R 29/02) [3]
H03K 5/22UGR1
.Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral (indicating phase difference of two cyclic pulse trains G01R 25/00) [3]
H03K 5/24UGR2
. .the characteristic being amplitude [3]
H03K 5/26UGR2
. .the characteristic being duration, interval, position, frequency, or sequence [3]
H03K 6/00HGRManipulating pulses having a finite slope and not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass (circuits with regenerative action H03K 4/00)
H03K 6/02UGR1
.Amplifying pulses
H03K 6/04UGR1
.Modifying slopes of pulses, e.g. S-correction (S-correction in television H04N 3/23)
H03K 7/00HGRModulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal
H03K 7/02UGR1
.Amplitude modulation, i.e. PAM
H03K 7/04UGR1
.Position modulation, i.e. PPM
H03K 7/06UGR1
.Frequency or rate modulation, i.e. PFM or PRM
H03K 7/08UGR1
.Duration or width modulation
H03K 7/10UGR1
.Combined modulation, e.g. rate modulation and amplitude modulation
H03K 9/00HGRDemodulating pulses which have been modulated with a continuously-variable signal
H03K 9/02UGR1
.of amplitude-modulated pulses
H03K 9/04UGR1
.of position-modulated pulses
H03K 9/06UGR1
.of frequency- or rate-modulated pulses
H03K 9/08UGR1
.of duration- or width-modulated pulses
H03K 9/10UGR1
.of pulses having combined modulation
H03K 11/00HGRTransforming types of modulation, e.g. position-modulated pulses into duration-modulated pulses
H03K 12/00HGRProducing pulses by distorting or combining sinusoidal waveforms (shaping pulses H03K 5/01; combining sinewaves using elements operating in a non-switching manner H03B) [3]
H03K 17/00HGRElectronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking (selection of the stylus or auxiliary electrode in electric printing B41J 2/405; sample-and-hold arrangements G11C 27/02; switching or interrupting devices in waveguides H01P; gated amplifiers H03F 3/72; switching arrangements for exchange systems using static devices H04Q 3/52)
H03K 17/04UGR1
.Modifications for accelerating switching [3]
H03K 17/041UGR2
. .without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit [6]
H03K 17/0412UGR3
. . .by measures taken in the control circuit [6]
H03K 17/0414UGR4
. . . .Anti-saturation measures [6]
H03K 17/0416UGR3
. . .by measures taken in the output circuit [6]
H03K 17/042UGR2
. .by feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit [6]
H03K 17/0422UGR3
. . .Anti-saturation measures [6]
H03K 17/0424UGR3
. . .by the use of a transformer [6]
H03K 17/06UGR1
.Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state [3]
H03K 17/08UGR1
.Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage [3]
H03K 17/081UGR2
. .without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit [6]
H03K 17/0812UGR3
. . .by measures taken in the control circuit [6]
H03K 17/0814UGR3
. . .by measures taken in the output circuit [6]
H03K 17/082UGR2
. .by feedback from the output to the control circuit [6]
H03K 17/10UGR1
.Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage [3]
H03K 17/12UGR1
.Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current [3]
H03K 17/13UGR1
.Modifications for switching at zero crossing (generating an impulse at zero crossing H03K 5/1536) [3]
H03K 17/14UGR1
.Modifications for compensating variations of physical values, e.g. of temperature [3]
H03K 17/16UGR1
.Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents [3]
H03K 17/18UGR1
.Modifications for indicating state of switch [3]
H03K 17/20UGR1
.Modifications for resetting core switching units to a predetermined state [3]
H03K 17/22UGR1
.Modifications for ensuring a predetermined initial state when the supply voltage has been applied (bi-stable generators H03K 3/12) [3]
H03K 17/24UGR2
. .Storing the actual state when the supply voltage fails [3]
H03K 17/26UGR1
.Modifications for temporary blocking after receipt of control pulses [3]
H03K 17/28UGR1
.Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching (modifications to provide a choice of time-intervals for executing more than one switching action H03K 17/296) [3]
H03K 17/284UGR2
. .in field-effect transistor switches [3]
H03K 17/288UGR2
. .in tube switches [3]
H03K 17/292UGR2
. .in thyristor, unijunction transistor or programmable unijunction transistor switches [3]
H03K 17/296UGR1
.Modifications to provide a choice of time-intervals for executing more than one switching action and automatically terminating their operation after the programme is completed (electronic clocks comprising means to be operated at preselected times or after preselected time-intervals G04G 15/00) [3]
H03K 17/30UGR1
.Modifications for providing a predetermined threshold before switching (shaping pulses by thresholding H03K 5/08) [3]
H03K 17/51UGR1
.characterised by the use of specified components (H03K 17/04-H03K 17/30, H03K 17/94 take precedence) [3]
H03K 17/52UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of gas-filled tubes [3]
H03K 17/54UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes (using diodes H03K 17/74) [3]
H03K 17/56UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices (using diodes H03K 17/74) [3]
H03K 17/567UGR3
. . .Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT [6]
H03K 17/58UGR3
. . .the devices being tunnel diodes [3]
H03K 17/60UGR3
. . .the devices being bipolar transistors (bipolar transistors having four or more electrodes H03K 17/72) [3]
H03K 17/605UGR4
. . . .with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit (H03K 17/78 takes precedence) [5]
H03K 17/61UGR5
. . . . .using transformer coupling [5]
H03K 17/615UGR4
. . . .in a Darlington configuration [5]
H03K 17/62UGR4
. . . .Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (logic circuits H03K 19/00; code converters H03M 5/00, H03M 7/00) [3]
H03K 17/64UGR4
. . . .having inductive loads [3]
H03K 17/66UGR4
. . . .Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will [3]
H03K 17/68UGR4
. . . .specially adapted for switching ac currents or voltages [3]
H03K 17/687UGR3
. . .the devices being field-effect transistors [3]
H03K 17/689UGR4
. . . .with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit (H03K 17/78 takes precedence) [5]
H03K 17/691UGR5
. . . . .using transformer coupling [5]
H03K 17/693UGR4
. . . .Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (logic circuits H03K 19/00; code converters H03M 5/00, H03M 7/00) [3]
H03K 17/695UGR4
. . . .having inductive loads (protecting switching circuit against inductive flyback voltage H03K 17/08) [6]
H03K 17/70UGR3
. . .the devices having only two electrodes and exhibiting negative resistance (the devices being tunnel diodes H03K 17/58) [3]
H03K 17/72UGR3
. . .Bipolar semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions, e.g. thyristors, programmable unijunction transistors, or with more than three electrodes, e.g. silicon controlled switches, or with more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region, e.g. unijunction transistors [3]
H03K 17/722UGR4
. . . .with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit (H03K 17/78 takes precedence) [5]
H03K 17/723UGR5
. . . . .using transformer coupling [5]
H03K 17/725UGR4
. . . .for ac voltages or currents (H03K 17/722, H03K 17/735 take precedence) [3, 5]
H03K 17/73UGR4
. . . .for dc voltages or currents (H03K 17/722, H03K 17/735 take precedence) [3, 5]
H03K 17/732UGR5
. . . . .Measures for enabling turn-off [5]
H03K 17/735UGR4
. . . .Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (H03K 17/722 takes precedence; logic circuits H03K 19/00; code converters H03M 5/00, H03M 7/00) [3, 5]
H03K 17/74UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of diodes (by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device H03K 17/567; by the use of tunnel diodes H03K 17/58; by the use of negative resistance diodes H03K 17/70) [3]
H03K 17/76UGR3
. . .Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (logic circuits H03K 19/00; code H03M 5/00, H03M 7/00) [3]
H03K 17/78UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled [3]
H03K 17/785UGR3
. . .controlling field-effect transistor switches [5]
H03K 17/79UGR3
. . .controlling semiconductor switches with more than two PN-junctions, or more than three electrodes, or more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region [5]
H03K 17/795UGR3
. . .controlling bipolar transistors [5]
H03K 17/80UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices [3]
H03K 17/81UGR3
. . .Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors (logic circuits H03K 19/00; code converters H03M 5/00, H03M 7/00) [3]
H03K 17/82UGR3
. . .the devices being transfluxors [3]
H03K 17/84UGR3
. . .the devices being thin-film devices [3]
H03K 17/86UGR3
. . .the devices being twistors [3]
H03K 17/88UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of beam-deflection tubes [3]
H03K 17/90UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices (H03K 17/95, H03K 17/97 take precedence) [2, 3]
H03K 17/92UGR2
. .by the use, as active elements, of superconductive devices [2, 3]
H03K 17/94UGR1
.characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated (mechanical structural details of control members of switches or keyboards, such as keys, push-buttons, levers or other mechanisms for transferring force to the activated elements, not directly producing electronic effects H01H; keyboards for special applications, see the relevant places, e.g. B41J, G06F 3/023, H04L 15/00, H04L 17/00, H04M 1/00) [3, 4]
H03K 17/945UGR2
. .Proximity switches (H03K 17/96 takes precedence) [3]
H03K 17/95UGR3
. . .using a magnetic detector [3]
H03K 17/955UGR3
. . .using a capacitive detector [3]
H03K 17/96UGR2
. .Touch switches (specially adapted for electronic time-pieces with no moving parts G04G 1/10) [3]
H03K 17/965UGR2
. .Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch [3]
H03K 17/967UGR3
. . .having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard (H03K 17/969, H03K 17/972, H03K 17/98 take precedence) [4]
H03K 17/968UGR3
. . .using opto-electronic devices [4]
H03K 17/969UGR4
. . . .having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard [4]
H03K 17/97UGR3
. . .using a magnetic movable element [3]
H03K 17/972UGR4
. . . .having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard [4]
H03K 17/975UGR3
. . .using a capacitive movable element [3]
H03K 17/98UGR4
. . . .having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard [4]
H03K 19/00HGRLogic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output (circuits for computer systems using fuzzy logic G06N 7/02); Inverting circuits
H03K 19/003UGR1
.Modifications for increasing the reliability [3]
H03K 19/007UGR1
.Fail-safe circuits [3]
H03K 19/01UGR1
.Modifications for accelerating switching [3]
H03K 19/013UGR2
. .in bipolar transistor circuits [3]
H03K 19/017UGR2
. .in field-effect transistor circuits [3]
H03K 19/0175UGR1
.Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements (interface arrangements for digital computers G06F 3/00, G06F 13/00) [5]
H03K 19/018UGR2
. .using bipolar transistors only [5]
H03K 19/0185UGR2
. .using field-effect transistors only [5]
H03K 19/02UGR1
.using specified components (H03K 19/003-H03K 19/0175 take precedence) [3, 5]
H03K 19/04UGR2
. .using gas-filled tubes
H03K 19/06UGR2
. .using vacuum tubes (using diode rectifiers H03K 19/12)
H03K 19/08UGR2
. .using semiconductor devices (H03K 19/173 takes precedence; wherein the semiconductor devices are only diode rectifiers H03K 19/12) [3]
H03K 19/082UGR3
. . .using bipolar transistors [3]
H03K 19/084UGR4
. . . .Diode–transistor logic [3]
H03K 19/086UGR4
. . . .Emitter coupled logic [3]
H03K 19/088UGR4
. . . .Transistor–transistor logic [3]
H03K 19/09UGR4
. . . .Resistor–transistor logic [3]
H03K 19/091UGR4
. . . .Integrated injection logic or merged transistor logic [3]
H03K 19/094UGR3
. . .using field-effect transistors [3]
H03K 19/0944UGR4
. . . .using MOSFET (H03K 19/096 takes precedence) [5]
H03K 19/0948UGR5
. . . . .using CMOS [5]
H03K 19/0952UGR4
. . . .using Schottky type FET (H03K 19/096 takes precedence) [5]
H03K 19/0956UGR4
. . . .Schottky diode FET logic (H03K 19/096 takes precedence) [5]
H03K 19/096UGR4
. . . .Synchronous circuits, i.e. using clock signals [3]
H03K 19/098UGR3
. . .using thyristors [3]
H03K 19/10UGR3
. . .using tunnel diodes [3]
H03K 19/12UGR2
. .using diode rectifiers
H03K 19/14UGR2
. .using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled (optical logic elements G02F 3/00)
H03K 19/16UGR2
. .using saturable magnetic devices
H03K 19/162UGR3
. . .using parametrons
H03K 19/164UGR3
. . .using ferro-resonant devices
H03K 19/166UGR3
. . .using transfluxors
H03K 19/168UGR3
. . .using thin-film devices
H03K 19/17UGR2
. .using twistors
H03K 19/173UGR2
. .using elementary logic circuits as components [3]
H03K 19/177UGR3
. . .arranged in matrix form [3]
H03K 19/18UGR2
. .using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices [2]
H03K 19/185UGR2
. .using dielectric elements with variable dielectric constant, e.g. ferro-electric capacitors [2]
H03K 19/19UGR3
. . .using ferro-resonant devices [2]
H03K 19/195UGR2
. .using superconductive devices [2, 3]
H03K 19/20UGR1
.characterised by logic function, e.g. AND, OR, NOR, NOT circuits (H03K 19/003-H03K 19/01 take precedence)
H03K 19/21UGR2
. .EXCLUSIVE-OR circuits, i.e. giving output if input signal exists at only one input; COINCIDENCE circuits, i.e. giving output only if all input signals are identical [3]
H03K 19/23UGR2
. .Majority or minority circuits, i.e. giving output having the state of the majority or the minority of the inputs [3]
H03K 21/00HGRDetails of pulse counters or frequency dividers
H03K 21/02UGR1
.Input circuits [4]
H03K 21/08UGR1
.Output circuits [4]
H03K 21/10UGR2
. .comprising logic circuits
H03K 21/12UGR2
. .with parallel read-out [4]
H03K 21/14UGR2
. .with series read-out of number stored [4]
H03K 21/16UGR1
.Circuits for carrying-over pulses between successive decades
H03K 21/17UGR2
. .with field-effect transistors [4]
H03K 21/18UGR1
.Circuits for visual indication of the result [4]
H03K 21/20UGR2
. .using glow-discharge lamps
H03K 21/38UGR1
.Starting, stopping, or resetting the counter (counters with a base other than a power of two H03K 23/48, H03K 23/66) [4]
H03K 21/40UGR1
.Monitoring; Error detection; Preventing or correcting improper counter operation [4]
H03K 23/00HGRPulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains (H03K 29/00 takes precedence)
H03K 23/40UGR1
.Gating or clocking signals applied to all stages, i.e. synchronous counters [4]
H03K 23/42UGR2
. .Out-of-phase gating or clocking signals applied to counter stages [4]
H03K 23/44UGR3
. . .using field-effect transistors [4]
H03K 23/46UGR3
. . .using charge transfer devices, i.e. bucket brigade or charge coupled devices [4]
H03K 23/48UGR2
. .with a base or radix other than a power of two (H03K 23/42 takes precedence) [4]
H03K 23/50UGR2
. .using bi-stable regenerative trigger circuits (H03K 23/42-H03K 23/48 take precedence) [4]
H03K 23/52UGR3
. . .using field-effect transistors [4]
H03K 23/54UGR3
. . .Ring counters, i.e. feedback shift register counters (H03K 23/52 takes precedence) [4]
H03K 23/56UGR3
. . .Reversible counters (H03K 23/52 takes precedence) [4]
H03K 23/58UGR1
.Gating or clocking signals not applied to all stages, i.e. asynchronous counters (H03K 23/74-H03K 23/84 take precedence) [4]
H03K 23/60UGR2
. .with field-effect transistors [4]
H03K 23/62UGR2
. .reversible [4]
H03K 23/64UGR1
.with a base or radix other than a power of two (H03K 23/40-H03K 23/62 take precedence) [4]
H03K 23/66UGR2
. .with a variable counting base, e.g. by presetting or by adding or suppressing pulses [4]
H03K 23/68UGR2
. .with a base which is a non-integer [4]
H03K 23/70UGR2
. .with a base which is an odd number (H03K 23/66 takes precedence) [4]
H03K 23/72UGR2
. .Decade counters (H03K 23/66 takes precedence) [4]
H03K 23/74UGR1
.using relays [4]
H03K 23/76UGR1
.using magnetic cores or ferro-electric capacitors [4]
H03K 23/78UGR1
.using opto-electronic devices [4]
H03K 23/80UGR1
.using semiconductor devices having only two electrodes, e.g. tunnel diode, multi-layer diode [4]
H03K 23/82UGR1
.using gas-filled tubes [4]
H03K 23/84UGR1
.using thyristors or unijunction transistors [4]
H03K 23/86UGR1
.reversible (H03K 23/40-H03K 23/84 take precedence) [4]
H03K 25/00HGRPulse counters with step-by-step integration and static storage; Analogous frequency dividers
H03K 25/02UGR1
.comprising charge storage, e.g. capacitor without polarisation hysteresis
H03K 25/04UGR2
. .using auxiliary pulse generator triggered by the incoming pulses [4]
H03K 25/12UGR1
.comprising hysteresis storage
H03K 27/00HGRPulse counters in which pulses are continuously circulated in a closed loop; Analogous frequency dividers (feedback shift register counters H03K 23/54) [4]
H03K 29/00HGRPulse counters comprising multi-stable elements, e.g. for ternary scale, for decimal scale; Analogous frequency dividers
H03K 29/04UGR1
.using multi-cathode gas discharge tubes [4]
H03K 29/06UGR1
.using beam-type tubes, e.g. magnetrons, cathode-ray tubes [4]