| F | SK | SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING |
| F28 | KL | HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL (heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials C09K 5/00; arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F 13/30) |
| F28F | UKL | DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water or air traps, air venting F16) |
| F28F 1/00 | HGR | Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements (specially adapted for movement F28F 5/00) |
| F28F 1/02 | UGR1 | | . | Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular (F28F 1/08, F28F 1/10 take precedence) |
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| F28F 1/04 | UGR2 | | . . | polygonal, e.g. rectangular |
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| F28F 1/06 | UGR2 | | . . | crimped or corrugated in cross-section |
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| F28F 1/08 | UGR1 | | . | Tubular elements crimped or corrugated in longitudinal section |
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| F28F 1/10 | UGR1 | | . | Tubular elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses (crimped or corrugated elements F28F 1/06, F28F 1/08) |
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| F28F 1/12 | UGR2 | | . . | the means being only outside the tubular element |
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| F28F 1/14 | UGR3 | | . . . | and extending longitudinally (F28F 1/38 takes precedence) |
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| F28F 1/16 | UGR4 | | . . . . | the means being integral with the element, e.g. formed by extrusion (F28F 1/22 takes precedence) |
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| F28F 1/18 | UGR5 | | . . . . . | the element being built-up from finned sections |
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| F28F 1/20 | UGR4 | | . . . . | the means being attachable to the element (F28F 1/22 takes precedence) |
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| F28F 1/22 | UGR4 | | . . . . | the means having portions engaging further tubular elements |
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| F28F 1/24 | UGR3 | | . . . | and extending transversely (F28F 1/38 takes precedence) |
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| F28F 1/26 | UGR4 | | . . . . | the means being integral with the element (F28F 1/32 takes precedence) |
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| F28F 1/28 | UGR5 | | . . . . . | the element being built-up from finned sections |
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| F28F 1/30 | UGR4 | | . . . . | the means being attachable to the element (F28F 1/32 takes precedence) |
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| F28F 1/32 | UGR4 | | . . . . | the means having portions engaging further tubular elements |
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| F28F 1/34 | UGR3 | | . . . | and extending obliquely (F28F 1/38 takes precedence) |
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| F28F 1/36 | UGR4 | | . . . . | the means being helically-wound fins or wire spirals |
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| F28F 1/38 | UGR3 | | . . . | and being staggered to form tortuous fluid passages |
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| F28F 1/40 | UGR2 | | . . | the means being only inside the tubular element |
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| F28F 1/42 | UGR2 | | . . | the means being both outside and inside the tubular element |
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| F28F 1/44 | UGR3 | | . . . | and being formed of wire mesh |
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| F28F 3/00 | HGR | Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements (specially adapted for movement F28F 5/00) |
| F28F 3/02 | UGR1 | | . | Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations (F28F 3/08 takes precedence) |
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| F28F 3/04 | UGR2 | | . . | the means being integral with the element |
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| F28F 3/06 | UGR2 | | . . | the means being attachable to the element |
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| F28F 3/08 | UGR1 | | . | Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning |
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| F28F 3/10 | UGR2 | | . . | Arrangement for sealing the margins |
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| F28F 3/12 | UGR1 | | . | Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels |
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| F28F 3/14 | UGR2 | | . . | by separating portions of a pair of joined sheets to form channels, e.g. by inflation (manufacture thereof B23P) |
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| F28F 5/00 | HGR | Elements specially adapted for movement (arrangements for moving the elements, see the appropriate subclass for the apparatus concerned) |
| F28F 5/02 | UGR1 | |
| F28F 5/04 | UGR1 | | . | Hollow impellers, e.g. stirring vane |
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| F28F 5/06 | UGR1 | |
| F28F 7/00 | HGR | Elements not covered by group F28F 1/00, F28F 3/00, or F28F 5/00 |
| F28F 7/02 | UGR1 | | . | Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media |
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| F28F 9/00 | HGR | Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings |
| F28F 9/007 | UGR1 | | . | Auxiliary supports for elements [6] |
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| F28F 9/013 | UGR2 | | . . | for tubes or tube-assemblies [6] |
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| F28F 9/02 | UGR1 | | . | Header boxes; End plates |
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| F28F 9/04 | UGR2 | | . . | Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates (joining pipes to walls in general F16L 41/00) |
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| F28F 9/06 | UGR3 | | . . . | by dismountable joints |
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| F28F 9/08 | UGR4 | | . . . . | by wedge-type connections, e.g. taper ferrule |
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| F28F 9/10 | UGR4 | | . . . . | by screw-type connections, e.g. gland |
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| F28F 9/12 | UGR4 | | . . . . | by flange-type connections |
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| F28F 9/14 | UGR4 | |
| F28F 9/16 | UGR3 | | . . . | by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling (metal-working procedures in general B21, B23, particularly B21D 39/06, B23K) |
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| F28F 9/18 | UGR4 | |
| F28F 9/20 | UGR1 | | . | Arrangements of heat reflectors, e.g. separately-insertible reflecting walls |
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| F28F 9/22 | UGR1 | | . | Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates |
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| F28F 9/24 | UGR1 | | . | Arrangements for promoting turbulent flow of heat-exchange media, e.g. by plates (F28F 1/38 takes precedence; in general F15D) |
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| F28F 9/26 | UGR1 | | . | Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators (connecting different sections in water heaters F24H 9/14) |
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| F28F 11/00 | HGR | Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes or conduits (stopping flow from or in pipes in general F16L 55/10) |
| F28F 11/02 | UGR1 | | . | using obturating elements, e.g. washers, inserted and operated independently of each other (F28F 11/06 takes precedence) |
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| F28F 11/04 | UGR1 | | . | using pairs of obturating elements, e.g. washers, mounted upon central operating rods (F28F 11/06 takes precedence) |
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| F28F 11/06 | UGR1 | | . | using automatic tube-obturating appliances |
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| F28F 13/00 | HGR | Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing (F28F 1/00-F28F 11/00 take precedence) |
| F28F 13/02 | UGR1 | | . | by influencing fluid boundary (boundary-layer control in general F15D) |
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| F28F 13/04 | UGR1 | | . | by preventing the formation of continuous films of condensate on heat-exchange surfaces, e.g. by promoting droplet formation |
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| F28F 13/06 | UGR1 | | . | by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media |
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| F28F 13/08 | UGR2 | | . . | by varying the cross-section of the flow channels |
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| F28F 13/10 | UGR2 | | . . | by imparting a pulsating motion to the flow, e.g. by sonic vibration |
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| F28F 13/12 | UGR2 | | . . | by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation (F28F 13/08 takes precedence) |
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| F28F 13/14 | UGR1 | | . | by endowing the walls of conduits with zones of different degrees of conduction of heat |
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| F28F 13/16 | UGR1 | | . | by applying an electrostatic field to the body of the heat-exchange medium |
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| F28F 13/18 | UGR1 | | . | by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing |
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| F28F 17/00 | HGR | Removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus |
| F28F 19/00 | HGR | Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters |
| F28F 19/01 | UGR1 | | . | by using means for separating solid materials from heat-exchange fluids, e.g. filters [6] |
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| F28F 19/02 | UGR1 | | . | by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings |
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| F28F 19/04 | UGR2 | | . . | of rubber; of plastics material; of varnish |
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| F28F 19/06 | UGR2 | |
| F28F 21/00 | HGR | Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials |
| F28F 21/02 | UGR1 | | . | of carbon, e.g. graphite |
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| F28F 21/04 | UGR1 | | . | of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone |
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| F28F 21/06 | UGR1 | |
| F28F 21/08 | UGR1 | |
| F28F 23/00 | HGR | Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions (heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials C09K 5/00) |
| F28F 23/02 | UGR1 | | . | Arrangements for obtaining or maintaining same in a liquid state |
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| F28F 25/00 | HGR | Component parts of trickle coolers (arrangements for increasing heat transfer F28F 13/00; controlling arrangements F28F 27/00) |
| F28F 25/02 | UGR1 | | . | for distributing, circulating, or accumulating liquid (spraying or atomising in general B05B, B05D) |
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| F28F 25/04 | UGR2 | | . . | Distributing or accumulator troughs |
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| F28F 25/06 | UGR2 | | . . | Spray nozzles or spray pipes |
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| F28F 25/08 | UGR2 | | . . | Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid films; Elements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface (packing elements in general B01J 19/30, B01J 19/32) |
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| F28F 25/10 | UGR1 | | . | for feeding gas or vapour |
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| F28F 25/12 | UGR2 | | . . | Ducts; Guide vanes, e.g. for carrying currents to distinct zones |
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| F28F 27/00 | HGR | Control arrangements specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus |
| F28F 27/02 | UGR1 | | . | for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels (arrangements of guide plates or guide vanes F28F 9/22, F28F 25/12) |
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| F28F 99/00 | HGR | Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass [2006.01] |