IPC-Stelle: C21D 9/677 [Version 2006.01]

SymbolTypTitel
CSKSECTION C — CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C21USKMETALLURGY
C21KLMETALLURGY OF IRON
C21DUKLMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE BY DECARBURISATION, TEMPERING, OR OTHER TREATMENTS (cementation by diffusion processes C23C; surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by this subclass C23F 17/00; unidirectional solidification of eutectic materials or unidirectional demixing of eutectoid materials C30B)
C21D 1/00HGRGeneral methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching, tempering (furnaces in general F27; electric heating H05B)
C21D 1/02UGR1
.Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
C21D 1/04UGR1
.with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
C21D 1/06UGR1
.Surface hardening
C21D 1/08UGR2
. .with flames
C21D 1/09UGR2
. .by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation [3]
C21D 1/10UGR3
. . .by electric induction [3]
C21D 1/18UGR1
.Hardening (C21D 1/02 takes precedence); Quenching with or without subsequent tempering (quenching devices C21D 1/62) [3]
C21D 1/19UGR2
. .by interrupted quenching [3]
C21D 1/20UGR3
. . .Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening [3]
C21D 1/22UGR3
. . .Martempering [3]
C21D 1/25UGR2
. .Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 °C and 600 °C, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten") [3]
C21D 1/26UGR1
.Methods of annealing
C21D 1/28UGR2
. .Normalising
C21D 1/30UGR2
. .Stress-relieving
C21D 1/32UGR2
. .Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
C21D 1/34UGR1
.Methods of heating (C21D 1/06 takes precedence)
C21D 1/38UGR2
. .Heating by cathodic discharges
C21D 1/40UGR2
. .Direct resistance heating
C21D 1/42UGR2
. .Induction heating
C21D 1/44UGR2
. .in heat-treatment baths
C21D 1/46UGR3
. . .Salt baths
C21D 1/48UGR3
. . .Metal baths
C21D 1/50UGR3
. . .Oil baths
C21D 1/52UGR2
. .with flames
C21D 1/53UGR2
. .Heating in fluidised beds [3]
C21D 1/54UGR1
.Determining when the hardening temperature has been reached by measurement of magnetic or electrical properties
C21D 1/55UGR1
.Hardenability tests, e.g. end-quench tests (investigating or analysing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties, in general G01N) [3]
C21D 1/56UGR1
.characterised by the quenching agents
C21D 1/58UGR2
. .Oils
C21D 1/60UGR2
. .Aqueous agents
C21D 1/607UGR2
. .Molten salts [3]
C21D 1/613UGR2
. .Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material [3]
C21D 1/62UGR1
.Quenching devices
C21D 1/63UGR2
. .for bath quenching [3]
C21D 1/64UGR3
. . .with circulating liquids (in general F28D) [3]
C21D 1/667UGR2
. .for spray quenching [3]
C21D 1/673UGR2
. .for die quenching [3]
C21D 1/68UGR1
.Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
C21D 1/70UGR2
. .while heating or quenching
C21D 1/72UGR2
. .during chemical change of surfaces
C21D 1/74UGR1
.Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum, or pulverulent material (production of gases C01, C10)
C21D 1/76UGR2
. .Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
C21D 1/767UGR2
. .with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof [3]
C21D 1/773UGR2
. .under reduced pressure or vacuum [3]
C21D 1/78UGR1
.Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
C21D 1/82UGR1
.Descaling by thermal stresses (mechanically B21, B23; chemically C23; electrolytically C25F)
C21D 1/84UGR1
.Controlled slow cooling (cooling-beds for metal rolling B21B 43/00) [3]
C21D 3/00HGRDiffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor (local protective coatings C21D 1/72; furnaces in general F27)
C21D 3/02UGR1
.Extraction of non-metals
C21D 3/04UGR2
. .Decarburising
C21D 3/06UGR2
. .Extraction of hydrogen
C21D 3/08UGR2
. .Extraction of nitrogen
C21D 3/10UGR1
.Furnaces therefor
C21D 5/00HGRHeat treatment of cast-iron
C21D 5/02UGR1
.improving the malleability of grey cast-iron
C21D 5/04UGR1
.of white cast-iron
C21D 5/06UGR2
. .Malleabilising
C21D 5/08UGR3
. . .with oxidation of carbon
C21D 5/10UGR4
. . . .in gaseous agents
C21D 5/12UGR4
. . . .in solid agents
C21D 5/14UGR3
. . .Graphitising
C21D 5/16UGR4
. . . .Packing agents
C21D 6/00HGRHeat treatment of ferrous alloys [2]
C21D 6/02UGR1
.Hardening by precipitation [2]
C21D 6/04UGR1
.Hardening by cooling below 0° C [2]
C21D 7/00HGRModifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation (apparatus for mechanical working of metal B21, B23, B24)
C21D 7/02UGR1
.by cold working
C21D 7/04UGR2
. .of the surface
C21D 7/06UGR3
. . .by shot-peening or the like
C21D 7/08UGR3
. . .by burnishing or the like
C21D 7/10UGR2
. .of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars
C21D 7/12UGR3
. . .by expanding tubular bodies
C21D 7/13UGR1
.by hot working
C21D 8/00HGRModifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment (hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling with no further heating beyond that required for the formation C21D 1/02) [3]
C21D 8/02UGR1
.during manufacturing of plates or strips (C21D 8/12 takes precedence) [3]
C21D 8/04UGR2
. .to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing [3]
C21D 8/06UGR1
.during manufacturing of rods or wires [3]
C21D 8/08UGR2
. .for concrete reinforcement [3]
C21D 8/10UGR1
.during manufacturing of tubular bodies [3]
C21D 8/12UGR1
.during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties [3]
C21D 9/00HGRHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching, tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor (furnaces in general F27)
C21D 9/02UGR1
.for springs
C21D 9/04UGR1
.for rails (apparatus for heat treatment of railway rails on the spot E01B 31/18)
C21D 9/06UGR2
. .with diminished tendency to become wavy
C21D 9/08UGR1
.for tubular bodies or pipes
C21D 9/10UGR2
. .shotgun barrels
C21D 9/12UGR2
. .barrels for ordnance
C21D 9/14UGR2
. .wear- or pressure-resistant pipes
C21D 9/16UGR1
.for explosive shells
C21D 9/18UGR1
.for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools
C21D 9/20UGR1
.for blades for skates
C21D 9/22UGR1
.for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
C21D 9/24UGR1
.for saw blades
C21D 9/26UGR1
.for needles; for teeth for card-clothing
C21D 9/28UGR1
.for plain shafts
C21D 9/30UGR1
.for crankshafts; for camshafts
C21D 9/32UGR1
.for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
C21D 9/34UGR1
.for tyres; for rims
C21D 9/36UGR1
.for balls; for rollers
C21D 9/38UGR1
.for roll bodies
C21D 9/40UGR1
.for rings; for bearing races
C21D 9/42UGR1
.for armour plate
C21D 9/44UGR1
.for equipment for lining mine shafts, e.g. segments, rings, props
C21D 9/46UGR1
.for sheet metals
C21D 9/48UGR2
. .deep-drawing sheets
C21D 9/50UGR1
.for welded joints
C21D 9/52UGR1
.for wires; for strips
C21D 9/54UGR2
. .Furnaces for treating strips or wire
C21D 9/56UGR3
. . .Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
C21D 9/567UGR4
. . . .with heating in fluidised beds [3]
C21D 9/573UGR4
. . . .with cooling [3]
C21D 9/58UGR4
. . . .with heating by baths
C21D 9/60UGR4
. . . .with induction heating
C21D 9/62UGR4
. . . .with direct resistance heating
C21D 9/63UGR4
. . . .the strip being supported by a cushion of gas [3]
C21D 9/64UGR3
. . .Patenting furnaces
C21D 9/66UGR3
. . .Tower-type furnaces
C21D 9/663UGR3
. . .Bell-type furnaces [3]
C21D 9/665UGR4
. . . .inverted or side-facing [3]
C21D 9/667UGR4
. . . .Multi-station furnaces [3]
C21D 9/67UGR5
. . . . .adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere [3]
C21D 9/673UGR4
. . . .Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to bell-type furnaces [3]
C21D 9/675UGR4
. . . .Arrangements of charging or discharging devices [3]
C21D 9/677UGR4
. . . .Arrangements of heating devices [3]
C21D 9/68UGR3
. . .Furnace coilers; Hot coilers (cold coilers B21C)
C21D 9/70UGR1
.Furnaces for ingots, i.e. soaking pits
C21D 10/00HGRModifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation [3]
C21D 11/00HGRProcess control or regulation for heat treatments (controlling or regulating in general G05) [2]