| C | SK | CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY |
| C12 | KL | BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING |
| C12C | UKL | BREWING OF BEER (cleaning of raw materials A23N; pitching or depitching machines, cellar tools C12L; propagating yeasts C12N 1/14) |
| C12F | UKL | RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS; DENATURING OF, OR DENATURED, ALCOHOL [6] |
| C12G | UKL | WINE; OTHER ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION THEREOF (beer C12C) |
| C12H | UKL | PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION, AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES OR REMOVAL OF ALCOHOL THEREFROM (deacidifying wine C12G 1/10; preventing winestone precipitation C12G 1/12; simulation ageing by flavouring C12G 3/06) [6] |
| C12J | UKL | VINEGAR; ITS PREPARATION |
| C12L | UKL | PITCHING OR DEPITCHING MACHINES; CELLAR TOOLS |
| C12M | UKL | APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY (installations for fermenting manure A01C 3/02; preservation of living parts of humans or animals A01N 1/02; brewing apparatus C12C; fermentation apparatus for wine C12G; apparatus for preparing vinegar C12J 1/10) [3] |
| C12N | UKL | MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF (biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, enzymes, fermentates, or substances produced by, or extracted from, microorganisms or animal material A01N 63/00; medicinal preparations A61K; fertilisers C05F); PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA (microbiological testing media C12Q 1/00) [3] |
| C12P | UKL | FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE [3] |
| C12Q | UKL | MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES OR MICROORGANISMS (immunoassay G01N 33/53); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES [3] |
| C12R | UKL | INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C-C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS [3] |