| B | SK | PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING |
| B31 | KL | MAKING PAPER ARTICLES; WORKING PAPER (making layered products not composed wholly of paper or cardboard B32B; handling thin material, e.g. sheets, webs, B65H) |
| B31F | UKL | MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER OR CARDBOARD (cutting, trimming, in general B26; incising, scoring, in general B26D 3/08; making layered products not composed wholly of paper or cardboard B32B; multi-ply material of paper or cardboard, its manufacture D21H) |
| B31F 1/00 | HGR | Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material including combined deformation and laminating (embossing combined with application of ink, type marking presses, selective embossing machines B41F , B41J , B41K , B41M; machines or apparatus for embossing decorations or marks B44B 5/00; artists hand tools for embossing B44B 11/04; producing decorative effects by processes for stamping ornamental designs on surfaces B44C 1/24; mechanical deformation during paper or board making, kinds of paper or board D21) [2] |
| B31F 1/07 | UGR1 | |
| B31F 1/08 | UGR1 | |
| B31F 1/10 | UGR2 | |
| B31F 1/12 | UGR1 | |
| B31F 1/14 | UGR2 | | . . | by doctor blades arranged crosswise to the web |
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| B31F 1/16 | UGR2 | |
| B31F 1/18 | UGR2 | | . . | by tools arranged in the direction of web feed |
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| B31F 1/20 | UGR1 | | . | Corrugating; Corrugating combined with laminating to other paper or cardboard layers (corrugating veneer B27D) [2] |
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| B31F 1/22 | UGR2 | | . . | Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is longitudinal with the web feed |
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| B31F 1/24 | UGR2 | | . . | Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is transverse to the web feed |
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| B31F 1/26 | UGR3 | | . . . | by interengaging toothed cylinders [2] |
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| B31F 1/28 | UGR4 | | . . . . | combined with uniting the corrugated webs to flat webs |
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| B31F 1/29 | UGR3 | | . . . | by making use of rods, e.g. co-operating with a toothed cylinder [2] |
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| B31F 1/30 | UGR3 | | . . . | Tools secured to endless chains |
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| B31F 1/32 | UGR2 | | . . | Corrugating already corrugated webs |
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| B31F 1/36 | UGR1 | | . | Moistening and heating webs to facilitate mechanical deformation and drying deformed webs |
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| B31F 5/00 | HGR | Attaching together paper or cardboard sheets, strips, or webs; Reinforcing edges of paper or cardboard (means for applying adhesive or glue B05C; stapling in box or like making B31B; attaching the replacement web to the expiring web during web-roll changing B65H 19/18; apparatus for splicing webs during handling B65H 21/00) |
| B31F 5/02 | UGR1 | | . | by crimpling or slotting |
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| B31F 5/04 | UGR1 | | . | by exclusive use of adhesives |
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| B31F 5/06 | UGR1 | |
| B31F 5/08 | UGR2 | |
| B31F 7/00 | HGR | Processes for working paper not otherwise provided for |
| B31F 7/02 | UGR1 | | . | Breaking the coating on paper |
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