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A
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SECTION A — HUMAN NECESSITIES
B
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SECTION B — PERFORMING OPERATIONSTRANSPORTING
C
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SECTION C — CHEMISTRYMETALLURGY
D
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SECTION D — TEXTILESPAPER
E
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SECTION E — FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
F
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SECTION F — MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGLIGHTINGHEATINGWEAPONSBLASTING
G
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SECTION G — PHYSICS
G01
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INSTRUMENTS
G01
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MEASURING (counting G06M)TESTING
G01B
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MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS, OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONSMEASURING ANGLESMEASURING AREASMEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS (measuring human body, see the relevant places, where such exist, e.g. A41H 1/00, A43D 1/02, A61B 5/103; measuring appliances combined with walking-sticks A45B 3/08; sorting according to dimensions B07; methods or devices for measuring, specially adapted for metal-rolling mills B21B 38/00; tool-setting or drawing instruments not specially modified for measuring B23B 49/00, B23Q 15/00-B23Q 17/00, B43L; measuring or gauging equipment specially adapted for grinding or polishing operations B24B 49/00; combinations of measuring devices with writing-implements B43K 29/08; geodetical, nautical or aeronautical measuring, surveying, rangefinding G01C; photogrammetry or videogrammetry G01C 11/00; measuring force or stress, in general G01L 1/00; investigating or analysing surface structures in atomic ranges using scanning-probe techniques G01N 13/00; investigating or analysing particle size, investigating or analysing surface area of porous material G01N 15/00; radio direction-finding, determining distance or velocity by use of propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effect, propagation time, of radio waves, analogous arrangements using other waves G01S; geophysical measuring G01V; measuring length or roll diameter of film in cameras or projectors G03B 1/60; combinations of measuring devices with means for controlling or regulating G05; methods or arrangements for converting the position of a manually-operated writing or tracing member into an electrical signal G06K 11/00; measuring elapsed travel of recording medium in recording or playback equipment, sensing diameter of record in autochange gramophones G11B; details of scanning-probe apparatus, in general G12B 21/00; means structurally associated with electric rotary current collectors for indicating brush wear H01R 39/58; indicating consumption of electrodes in arc lamps H05B 31/34)
G01C
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MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGSSURVEYINGNAVIGATIONGYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTSPHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY (measuring dimensions or angles of objects G01B; measuring liquid level G01F; measuring intensity or direction of magnetic fields, other than the earth's field, in general G01R; radio navigation, determining distance or velocity by use of propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effect, propagation time, of radio waves, analogous arrangements using other waves G01S; optical systems therefor G02B; maps, globes G09B)
G01D
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MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLEARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASSTARIFF METERING APPARATUSMEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (means structurally associated with lightning or other overvoltage discharging apparatus for recording the operation thereof G01R; displaying information in general G09F; recording in a way which requires playback through a transducer G11B)
G01F
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MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW, OR LIQUID LEVELMETERING BY VOLUME (milk flow sensing devices in milking machines or devices A01J 5/01; measuring or recording blood flow A61B 5/02, A61B 8/06; metering media to the human body A61M 5/168; burettes or pipettes B01L 3/02; arrangements of liquid volume meters or volume-flow meters in liquid-delivering apparatus, e.g. for retail sale purposes, B67D 5/16; pumps, fluid motors, details common to measuring or metering devices and pumps or fluid motors F01-F04; locating, determining distance or velocity using reflection or reradiation of radio waves, analogous arrangements using other waves G01S; systems for ratio control G05D 11/00) [2, 5]
G01G
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WEIGHING (sorting by weighing B07C 5/16)
G01H
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MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES (generation of mechanical vibrations without measurement B06B, G10K; measuring position, direction or velocity of an object G01C, G01S; measuring quasi-steady pressure of a fluid G01L 7/00; determining unbalance G01M 1/14; determining properties of material by sonic or ultrasonic waves transmitted therethrough G01N; systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. acoustic imaging, G01S 15/00; seismology, seismic prospecting, acoustic prospecting G01V 1/00; acousto-optical devices per seG02F; obtaining records by techniques analogous to photography using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves G03B 42/06; speech analysis or synthesis, speech recognition G10L; information storage based on relative movement between record carrier and transducer G11B; piezo-electric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive elements in general H01L; manufacture of electromechanical resonators by processes which include measurement of frequency with consequential modification of the resonator H03H 3/00) [4]
G01J
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MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRA-RED, VISIBLE OR ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHTCOLORIMETRYRADIATION PYROMETRY (light sources F21, H01J, H01K, H05B; investigating properties of materials by optical means G01N) [2]
G01K
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MEASURING TEMPERATUREMEASURING QUANTITY OF HEATTHERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (sensing temperature changes for compensating measurements of other variables or for compensating readings of instruments for variations in temperature, seeG01D or relevant subclass for variable measured; radiation pyrometry G01J; investigating or analysing materials by use of thermal means G01N 25/00; compound sensitive elements, e.g. bimetallic, G12B 1/02)
G01L
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MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE (methods or devices for measuring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills B21B 38/00; sensing pressure changes for compensating measurements of other variables or for compensating readings of instruments for variations in pressure, seeG01D or other relevant subclasses for the variable measured; weighing G01G; scanning-probe techniques using atomic force microscopy G01N 13/16; converting a pattern of forces into electrical signals G06K 11/00) [4]
G01M
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TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURESTESTING STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
G01N
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INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (separating components of materials in general B01D, B01J, B03, B07; apparatus fully provided for in a single other subclass, see the relevant subclass, e.g. B01L; measuring or testing processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or micro-organisms C12M, C12Q; investigation of foundation soil in situE02D 1/00; monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus F01N 11/00; sensing humidity changes for compensating measurements of other variables or for compensating readings of instruments for variations in humidity, seeG01D or the relevant subclass for the variable measured; testing or determining the properties of structures G01M; measuring or investigating electric or magnetic properties of materials G01R; systems in general for determining distance, velocity or presence by use of propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effect, propagation time, of reflected or reradiated radio waves, analogous arrangements using other waves G01S; determining sensitivity, graininess, or density of photographic materials G03C 5/02; testing component parts of nuclear reactors G21C 17/00)
G01P
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MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCKINDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT (measuring or recording blood flow A61B 5/02, A61B 8/06; monitoring speed or deceleration of electrically-propelled vehicles B60L 3/00; vehicle lighting systems adapted to indicate speed B60Q 1/54; determining position or course in navigation, measuring ground distance in geodesy or surveying G01C; combined measuring devices for measuring two or more variables of movement G01C 23/00; measuring velocity of sound G01H; measuring velocity of light G01J 7/00; determining direction or velocity of solid objects by reflection or reradiation of radio or other waves and based on propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effect, propagation time, direction of propagation, G01S; measuring speed of nuclear radiation G01T; measuring acceleration of gravity G01V)
G01P 1/00
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Details of instruments
G01P 3/00
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Measuring linear or angular speedMeasuring differences of linear or angular speeds (G01P 5/00-G01P 11/00 take precedence; counting mechanisms G06M)
G01P 3/02
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Devices characterised by the use of mechanical means
G01P 3/04
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. . by comparing two speeds
G01P 3/06
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. . . using a friction gear
G01P 3/08
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. . . using differential gearing
G01P 3/10
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. . by actuating an indicating element, e.g. pointer, for a fixed time
G01P 3/12
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. . by making use of a system excited by impact
G01P 3/14
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. . by exciting one or more mechanical resonance systems
G01P 3/16
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. . by using centrifugal forces of solid masses (governors G05D 13/00)
G01P 3/18
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. . . transferred to the indicator by mechanical means
G01P 3/20
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. . . transferred to the indicator by fluid means
G01P 3/22
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. . . transferred to the indicator by electric or magnetic means
G01P 3/24
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. . by using friction effects (G01P 3/06 takes precedence)
G01P 3/26
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Devices characterised by the use of fluids
G01P 3/28
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. . by using pumps
G01P 3/30
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. . by using centrifugal forces of fluids
G01P 3/32
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. . . in a rotary container communicating with a fixed container
G01P 3/34
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. . by using friction effects
G01P 3/36
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Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet light (G01P 3/68 takes precedence; gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams, G01C 19/64)
G01P 3/38
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. . using photographic means
G01P 3/40
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. . using stroboscopic means
G01P 3/42
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Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means (G01P 3/66 takes precedence; measuring electric or magnetic values in general G01R)
G01P 3/44
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. . for measuring angular speed (G01P 3/56 takes precedence)
G01P 3/46
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. . . by measuring amplitude of generated current or voltage
G01P 3/48
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. . . by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
G01P 3/481
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. . . . of pulse signals [3]
G01P 3/482
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. . . . . delivered by nuclear radiation detectors [3]
G01P 3/483
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. . . . . delivered by variable capacitance detectors [3]
G01P 3/484
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. . . . . delivered by contact-making switches [3]
G01P 3/486
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. . . . . delivered by photo-electric detectors [3]
G01P 3/487
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. . . . . delivered by rotating magnets [3]
G01P 3/488
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. . . . . delivered by variable reluctance detectors [3]
G01P 3/489
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. . . . . Digital circuits therefor [3]
G01P 3/49
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. . . using eddy currents
G01P 3/495
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. . . . where the indicating means responds to forces produced by the eddy currents and the generating magnetic field [3]
G01P 3/50
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. . for measuring linear speed (G01P 3/56 takes precedence)
G01P 3/52
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. . . by measuring amplitude of generated current or voltage
G01P 3/54
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. . . by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
G01P 3/56
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. . for comparing two speeds
G01P 3/58
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. . . by measuring or comparing amplitudes of generated currents or voltages
G01P 3/60
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. . . by measuring or comparing frequency of generated currents or voltages
G01P 3/62
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Devices characterised by the determination of the variation of atmospheric pressure with height to measure the vertical components of speed (measuring pressure in general G01L)
G01P 3/64
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Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
G01P 3/66
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. . using electric or magnetic means (G01P 3/80 takes precedence; measuring short time intervals G04F) [4]
G01P 3/68
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. . using optical means, i.e. using infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet light (G01P 3/80 takes precedence) [4]
G01P 3/80
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. . using auto-correlation or cross-correlation detection means [4]
G01P 5/00
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Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air streamMeasuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft (application of speed-measuring devices for measuring volume of fluids G01F)
G01P 7/00
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Measuring speed by integrating acceleration (measuring travelled distance by double integration of acceleration G01C 21/16)
G01P 9/00
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Measuring speed by using gyroscopic effect, e.g. using gas, using electron beam (gyroscopes or turn-sensitive devices per seG01C 19/00)
G01P 11/00
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Measuring average value of speed (by determining time taken to traverse a fixed distance G01P 3/64, G01P 5/18)
G01P 13/00
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Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement (counting moving objects G06M 7/00; electric switches H01H)
G01P 15/00
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Measuring accelerationMeasuring decelerationMeasuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
G01P 21/00
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Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the other groups of this subclass
G01R
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MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLESMEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (measuring physical variables of any kind by conversion into electric variables, see Note (4) following the title of class G01; measuring diffusion of ions in an electric field, e.g. electrophoresis, electro-osmosis, G01N; investigating non-electric or non-magnetic properties of materials by using electric or magnetic methods G01N; indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J 3/12; monitoring electronic pulse counters H03K 21/40; monitoring operation of communication systems H04)
G01S
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RADIO DIRECTION-FINDINGRADIO NAVIGATIONDETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVESLOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVESANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES (detecting masses or objects by methods not involving reflection or reradiation of radio, acoustic or other waves G01V)
G01T
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MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION (radiation analysis of materials, mass spectrometry G01N; counters per seG06M, H03K; electric discharge tubes for analysing radiation or particles H01J 40/00, H01J 47/00, H01J 49/00)
G01V
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GEOPHYSICSGRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTSDETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTSTAGS (detecting or locating foreign bodies for diagnostic, surgical or person-identification purposes A61B; means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried, persons A63B 29/02; investigating or analysing earth materials by determining their chemical or physical properties G01N; measuring electric or magnetic variables in general, other than direction or magnitude of the earth's field G01R; magnetic resonance arrangements in general G01R 33/20) [4, 6]
G01W
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METEOROLOGY (influencing weather conditions A01G 15/00; dispersing fog E01H 13/00; instruments for measuring single variables in general, see the appropriate subclasses of class G01, e.g. G01K, G01L; radar, sonar, lidar or analogous systems, designed for meteorological use G01S 13/95, G01S 15/88, G01S 17/95)
G02
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OPTICS (making optical elements or apparatus B24B, B29D 11/00, C03, or other appropriate subclasses or classes; materials per se, see the relevant places, e.g. C03B, C03C)
G03
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PHOTOGRAPHYCINEMATOGRAPHYANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVESELECTROGRAPHYHOLOGRAPHY (reproduction of pictures or patterns by scanning and converting into electrical signals H04N) [4]
G04
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HOROLOGY
G05
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CONTROLLINGREGULATING
G06
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COMPUTINGCALCULATINGCOUNTING (score computers for games A63B 71/06, A63D 15/20, A63F 1/18; combinations of writing implements with computing devices B43K 29/08)
G07
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CHECKING-DEVICES
G08
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SIGNALLING (indicating or display devices per seG09F; transmission of pictures H04N)
G09
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EDUCATINGCRYPTOGRAPHYDISPLAYADVERTISINGSEALS
G10
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MUSICAL INSTRUMENTSACOUSTICS
G11
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INFORMATION STORAGE
G12
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INSTRUMENT DETAILS
G21
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NUCLEONICS
G21
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NUCLEAR PHYSICSNUCLEAR ENGINEERING
G99
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SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION [2006.01]
H
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SECTION H — ELECTRICITY

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